Asian and black people in Dyfed and Powys were more likely to be given fines for breaking Covid-19 lockdown rules than white people, new figures suggest.

Human rights organisation Liberty said the figures – which show significant disparity across England and Wales – are evidence of the Government prioritising criminalisation over public health, and of bias within police forces.

Figures obtained via a Freedom of Information request to the National Police Chiefs Council show Dyfed-Powys Police issued 2,041 fixed penalty notices for breaches of coronavirus regulations between March 2020 and January 2022, where an ethnicity was stated.

Of these, 1,795 were handed to white people, which – according to the latest population estimates – equates to a rate of 35.6 fines for every 10,000 white people in the area.

Asian people received just 180 fines, but this equates to a rate of 341.6 in every 10,000 people – meaning they were 9.6 times more likely to be fined.

And black people received fines at a rate of 163.6 per 10,000 people, meaning they were also 4.6 times more likely to be fined.

Figures from 43 territorial police forces in England and Wales, as well as British Transport Police and Ministry of Defence Police, show black people were around 2.6 times more likely to be fined than white people.

This rate varied from1.5 in North Yorkshire to 10.9 in Sussex, where the figures allowed for an accurate rate to be calculated.

Meanwhile, Asian people and those of mixed ethnicity were 1.9 times and 1.4 times more likely to receive fines, respectively.

The NPCC was asked to provide the number of fixed penalty notices issued for breaches under coronavirus regulations between March 2020 and June 2022, broken down by ethnicity of the person receiving the fine. No fines were issued from February 2022 onwards.

Liberty said the powers handed down to police during the pandemic were too broad and resulted in "heavy-handed policing" and exposed "symptomatic" biases.

Jodie Beck, policy and campaigns officer at the organisation, said: “By prioritising criminalisation over public health, the Government laid the foundations for overzealous policing that fell hardest, and most unfairly, on people of colour.

“The response to the pandemic exposed pre-existing inequalities in how certain communities are over-policed."

She added that Government should instead invest in community-led approaches with "participation, fairness and social justice at their heart”.

Social justice group Nacro said the figures show one of the ways people from ethnic minority backgrounds face disparity within the criminal justice system.

Campbell Robb, chief executive of the charity, said: "Over policing and criminalising people from ethnic minority backgrounds can have far reaching consequences, by eroding trust between communities and the authorities.

"Whilst we do not know the exact reason for the disparity, this reflects wider issues in policing and criminal justice, in which black people are disproportionately subjected to negative interactions."

The National Police Chiefs’ Council said early results from independent analysis of fines – due out this autumn – show disparities across race, but these are "not necessarily a sign of discrimination".

An NPCC spokesman said instances with no justifiable reason for a disparity must be addressed, and that much has been done by policing to combat racism already.

He said policing is more inclusive and more diverse than ever, but it is "inevitable" that racist views and bias may exist among some staff because they are drawn from wider society.

He added: “Racism or discrimination of any kind is deplorable, completely unacceptable and should have no place in society and no place in policing.”

A Home Office spokesman said enforcement of Covid laws was used only as a last resort and it expects all officers to carry out their duties without prejudice.